Zane na kayan ado koyaushe yana da alaƙa da ɗan adam da asalin tarihi na fasaha na wani zamani, kuma yana canzawa tare da haɓaka kimiyya da fasaha da al'adu da fasaha. Alal misali, tarihin fasaha na Yammacin Turai yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin Byzantine, Baroque, Rococo style.
Salon kayan ado na Byzantine
Halaye: buɗewar zinari da inlays na azurfa, duwatsu masu daraja masu gogewa, tare da launi mai ƙarfi na addini.
Daular Byzantine, wadda aka fi sani da Daular Roma ta Gabas, an santa da manyan kasuwancinta na karafa da duwatsu masu daraja. Daga karni na hudu zuwa na goma sha biyar, Byzantium ya mallaki dukiya mai tarin yawa, kuma cibiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci ta kasa da kasa da ke ci gaba da bunkasa ta bai wa masu yin kayan ado na Byzantine damar samun zinari da duwatsu masu daraja da ba a taba gani ba.
A lokaci guda kuma, fasahar sarrafa kayan adon daular Roma ta Gabas ita ma ta kai matsayin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Salon fasaha da aka gada daga Roma. A cikin marigayi Roman Empire, sababbin nau'ikan kayan ado masu launi sun fara bayyana, mahimmancin kayan ado na gemstone ya fara wuce na zinariya, kuma a lokaci guda, an yi amfani da azurfa na ebonite.
kwarangwal ɗin zinari da azurfa ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman abubuwan kayan ado na Byzantine. Daya daga cikin shahararrun fasahohin sarrafa gwal a cikin Byzantium ana kiransa opusinterrasile, wanda shine kwarangwal din zinare don samar da lallausan tsari dalla-dalla tare da tasirin taimako mai karfi, dabarar da ta shahara tun daga karni na uku AD.
A karni na 10 AD, an haɓaka fasahar enameling. Kayan ado na Byzantine sun kawo aikace-aikacen wannan fasaha, wanda ya haɗa da burbushin tsarin da aka cire kai tsaye a cikin taya na karfe, zuba enamel a ciki don sanya hoton ya yi fice a kan karfe, da kuma kawar da amfani da cikakkun kayan ado, zuwa girmansa.
Manyan kayan ado masu launin saiti. Aikin gemstone na Byzantine ya fito da goge, mai lankwasa mai madauwari mai ɗai-ɗai, duwatsu masu goyan bayan lebur (cabochons) da aka saita a cikin zinari mara kyau, tare da haske yana ratsawa ta cikin duwatsun da aka lanƙwasa da'ira don fitar da launukan duwatsun, da kuma cikakkiyar tsabtar duwatsun, a cikin salo mai salo da ɗan daɗi.
Tare da launi mai ƙarfi na addini. Domin salon fasahar Byzantine ya samo asali ne daga addinin Kiristanci, don haka giciye ko samun dabba ta ruhaniya na iya zama ruwan dare a cikin kayan ado na Byzantine.
Salon kayan ado na zamani na Baroque
Halaye: maɗaukaki, ƙwaƙƙwaran, ƙarfi da farin ciki, yayin da yake cike da farin ciki da daraja, alatu da girma.
Salon Baroque, wanda ya fara a Faransa a lokacin Louis XIV, yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau. A wancan lokacin, shi ne lokacin bunkasar kimiyyar dabi'a da bincike kan sabuwar duniya, da hawan tsaka-tsakin kasashen Turai, da karfafa masarautun tsakiya, da gwagwarmayar yunkurin kawo gyara. Mafi yawan zane-zane na kayan ado na Baroque shine Sévigne bowknot, kayan ado na farko na bowknot, wanda aka haifa a tsakiyar karni na 17. Marubuciyar Faransa Madame de Sévigne (1626-96) ta sanya irin wannan kayan ado ya shahara.
Abun wuya wanda aka kwatanta a sama yana nunawaenameling, tsari na kowa a cikin kayan ado na Baroque. Harba launuka daban-daban na enamel akan zinare ya fara ne a farkon karni na 17 a matsayin sabon fasaha na wani mai kayan ado mai suna Jean Toutin (1578-1644).
Salon kayan ado na baroque sau da yawa yana da ƙaƙƙarfan kayan ado na agora, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da yawan amfani da enamel. Wannan shine lokacin da za'a iya samun enamel koyaushe a duka gaba da bayan kayan adon.
Wannan fasaha mai ban sha'awa ta dace musamman don bayyanar da furanni, kuma a cikin karni na 17, akwai furen da ya sa dukan Turai ta tafasa da tunawa. Asali daga Holland, wannan furen wahayi ne a Faransa: tulip.
A cikin karni na 17, datulipalama ce ta manyan al'umma, kuma a mafi tsada, ana iya musanya tulip kwan fitila ga dukan Villa.
Wannan farashin tabbas an kumbura, yanzu muna da kalmar da za mu kwatanta wannan yanayin, wanda ake kira kumfa, kumfa, tabbas zai fashe. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da kumfa ya karye, farashin tulip kwararan fitila ya fara tafarnuwa, wanda aka sani da "tulip kumfa".
A kowane hali, tulips sun zama tauraron kayan ado na baroque.
Dangane da yanayin, wannan lokaci ne da aka sanya lu'u-lu'u a cikin zinari, kuma kada ku yi la'akari da ƙarfen da ake amfani da shi don saita lu'u-lu'u, domin a ƙarni na 18 lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u suna raguwa a cikin kayan ado na Rococo.
Kayan ado na wannan lokacin babban adadin teburyanke lu'u-lu'u, wato, ɗanyen dutsen octahedral lu'u-lu'u ya yanke tip, fuskar lu'u-lu'u ce ta farko.
Don haka yawancin kayan ado na baroque idan kun kalli hoton za ku ga cewa lu'u-lu'u ya dubi baki, a gaskiya, ba launi na lu'u-lu'u ba, amma saboda fuskokin sun yi yawa, daga gaban lu'u-lu'u zuwa haske ba zai iya zama ta hanyar abubuwan da ke cikin fuskoki na mahara refraction daga gaba baya nuna baya. Don haka zanen kuma yana iya ganin yawancin lu'u-lu'u "baƙar fata", dalilin yana kama da haka.
A cikin sana'a na kayan ado na kayan ado, Baroque yana ba da halaye masu zuwa: maɗaukaki, mai ban sha'awa, gudu mai karfi, yayin da yake cike da alatu da daraja mai daraja, ƙasa da yanayin addini. Mayar da hankali kan nau'in aiki na waje, yana mai da hankali kan nau'in canji da yanayi na ma'ana.
A cikin ƙarshen zamani, salon aikin ya fi karkata zuwa pompous, maras kyau da launi, kuma ya fara yin watsi da abubuwan da ke cikin zurfin zane da m aiki. Marigayi salon Baroque ya bayyana salon Rococo a wasu bangarori.
Salon kayan ado na Rococo
Halayen: mata, asymmetry, laushi, haske, ƙazanta, ƙazanta da rikitarwa, "C"-dimbin yawa, "S" masu lankwasa.
Halayen: mata, asymmetry, laushi, haske, ƙazanta, ƙazanta da rikitarwa, "C"-dimbin yawa, "S" masu lankwasa.
"Rococo" (Rococo) daga kalmar Faransanci rocaille, ma'ana dutse ko kayan ado na harsashi, kuma daga baya kalmar tana nufin kayan ado na dutse da mussel a matsayin halayensa na salon fasaha. Idan salon Baroque kamar namiji ne, salon Rococo ya fi kama da mace.
Sarauniya Marie ta Faransa ta kasance babban mai sha'awar zane-zane da kayan ado na Rococo.
Kafin Sarki Louis XV, salon baroque shine babban jigon kotun, yana da zurfi da al'ada, yanayi yana da girma, don gaya ikon ƙasa. A tsakiyar karni na 18, masana'antu da kasuwancin Faransa sun bunkasa sosai kuma sun zama kasa mafi ci gaba a Turai, banda Ingila. Yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ci gaban rayuwa na duniya, don ci gaban rococo ya kafa harsashin ginin, sarakuna da masu daraja na alatu, a duk sassan Faransa sun gina babban gidan sarauta, kuma kayan ado na ciki yana da ban sha'awa na kayan ado na baroque, yana nuna halaye na kotu na tashin mata, wato, mayar da hankali ga jan tef da kyau da kyau, decolirative sakamako. Salon Rococo shine ainihin samuwar salon Baroque da gangan aka gyara shi zuwa matsananciyar sakamakon da babu makawa.
Sarki Louis XV ya ci sarauta, a watan Fabrairun 1745 wata rana ya gana da sha'awar soyayya ta gaskiya fiye da shekaru ashirin - Mrs. Pompadour, wannan ne Misis Pompadour ta bude salon Rococo na sabon zamani.
Salon kayan ado na Rococo yana da alaƙa da: siriri, haske, kyawawa da ƙayataccen kayan ado, ƙarin C-dimbin yawa, S-dimbin siffa da gungura-dimbin ƙira da launuka masu haske don kayan ado na ado.
Rococo Art Deco yana zana salo da yawa na kayan ado na kasar Sin, Faransanci daga masu lankwasa masu laushi na kasar Sin, farantin Sinanci da tebura da kujeru da kabad don samun wahayi.
Ba a mallake tsarin gumaka, alamomin addini da na sarauta ba, amma ta abubuwan halitta masu asymmetrical kamar ganye, wreaths da kurangar inabi.
Samuwar salon Rococo shine ainihin salon Baroque da aka gyara da gangan zuwa matsanancin sakamako mara makawa. Kuna son ƙarin sani game da salon kayan ado na rococo da abokai salon fasaha, an ba da shawarar ganin fim ɗin wakilin "Mafi Girma Showman". Dukan fim ɗin daga kayan ado zuwa sutura zuwa kayan ado na ciki suna nuna halaye da fara'a na salon rococo.
An yi kayan ado na salon Rococo tare da adadi mai yawa na lu'u-lu'u da aka yanke, wanda ke da tushe mai lebur da fuskokin triangular.
Wannan salon da aka fuskance ya ci gaba da zama a cikin salon zamani har zuwa kusan 1820s, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da tsohuwar yankan ma'adinan, amma bai taɓa ɓacewa gaba ɗaya ba, har ma ya sami farfaɗo a cikin 1920s, fiye da shekaru 100 bayan haka.
An yi wa masana'antar kayan ado da wuya sakamakon barkewar juyin juya halin Faransa a 1789. Sa'an nan wani karamin mutum daga Sicily ya zama Sarkin Faransa, kuma Napoleon. Da hauka ya yi marmarin ɗaukakar daular Romawa, kuma salon rococo na mata ya janye daga fagen tarihi a hankali.
Sama da dama m da kwazazzabo style kayan ado, suna da daban-daban styles, amma kuma bari mutum ji ko dai daya ko wasu, musamman Baroque da Rococo - Baroque kotu, Rococo kwazazzabo. Amma a kowane hali, salon fasahar su, sun yi tasiri sosai ga masu zanen kaya tun lokacin.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-03-2024